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背景
索引是把双刃剑,在提升查询速度的同时会减慢DML的操作。毕竟,索引的维护需要一定的成本。所以,对于索引,要加上该加的,删除无用的。前者是加法,后者是减法。但在实际工作中,大家似乎更热衷于前者,而很少进行后者。究其原因,在于后者,难。难的不是操作本身,而是如何确认一个索引是无用的。
如何确认无用索引
在不可见索引出现之前,大家可以通过sys.schema_unused_indexes来确定无用索引。在MySQL 5.6中,即使没有sys库,也可通过该视图的基表来进行查询。
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7mysql> show
create
table
sys.schema_unused_indexesG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
View
: schema_unused_indexes
Create
View
:
CREATE
ALGORITHM=MERGE DEFINER=`mysql.sys`@`localhost` SQL SECURITY INVOKER
VIEW
`sys`.`schema_unused_indexes` (
`object_schema`,`object_name`,`index_name`)
AS
select
`t`.`OBJECT_SCHEMA`
AS
`object_schema`,`t`.`OBJECT_NAME`
AS
`object_name`,`t`.`INDEX_NAME`
AS
`index_name`
from
(`performance_schema`.`table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage` `t`
join
`information_schema`.`
STATISTICS
` `s`
on
(((`t`.`OBJECT_SCHEMA` =
convert
(`s`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` using utf8mb4))
and
(`t`.`OBJECT_NAME` =
convert
(`s`.`TABLE_NAME` using utf8mb4))
and
(
convert
(`t`.`INDEX_NAME` using utf8) = `s`.`INDEX_NAME`))))
where
((`t`.`INDEX_NAME`
is
not
null
)
and
(`t`.`COUNT_STAR` = 0)
and
(`t`.`OBJECT_SCHEMA` <>
'mysql'
)
and
(`t`.`INDEX_NAME` <>
'PRIMARY'
)
and
(`s`.`NON_UNIQUE` = 1)
and
(`s`.`SEQ_IN_INDEX` = 1))
order
by
`t`.`OBJECT_SCHEMA`,`t`.`OBJECT_NAME`character_set_client: utf8mb4
collation_connection: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row
in
set
, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
但这种方式也有不足,
1. 如果实例发生重启,performance_schema中的数据就会清零。
2. 如果基于上面的查询删除了索引,查询性能突然变差,怎么办?
不可见索引的出现,可有效弥补上述不足。将index设置为invisible,会导致优化器在选择执行计划时,自动忽略该索引,即便使用了FORCE INDEX。
当然,这个是由optimizer_switch变量中use_invisible_indexes选项决定的,默认为off。如果想看一个查询在索引调整前后执行计划的差别,可在会话级别调整use_invisible_indexes的值,如,
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27mysql> show create table slowtech.t1G
***************************
1
. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id`
int
(
11
) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(
10
) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `idx_name` (`name`)
/*!80000 INVISIBLE */
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1
row in set (
0.00
sec)
mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 where name=
'a'
;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|
1
| SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
6
|
16.67
| Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
1
row in set,
1
warning (
0.00
sec)
mysql> set session optimizer_switch=
"use_invisible_indexes=on"
;
Query OK,
0
rows affected (
0.00
sec)
mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 where name=
'a'
;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
|
1
| SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | ref | idx_name | idx_name |
43
|
const
|
1
|
100.00
| Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
1
row in set,
1
warning (
0.00
sec)
不可见索引的常见操作
? 1 2 3create
table
t1(id
int
primary
key
,
name
varchar
(10),
index
idx_name (
name
) invisible);
alter
table
t1
alter
index
idx_name visible;
alter
table
t1
alter
index
idx_name invisible;
如何查看哪些索引不可见
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7mysql>
select
table_schema,table_name,index_name,column_name,is_visible
from
information_schema.
statistics
where
is_visible=
'no'
;
+
--------------+------------+------------+-------------+------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | INDEX_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | IS_VISIBLE |
+
--------------+------------+------------+-------------+------------+
| slowtech | t1 | idx_name |
name
|
NO
|
+
--------------+------------+------------+-------------+------------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
注意
1. 主键索引不可被设置为invisible。
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的MySQL 8 新特性之Invisible Indexes ,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问欢迎给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的!
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/ivictor/p/8998797.html