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一、查看字符集
1.查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集
方法一:show variables like '%character%';
方法二:show variables like 'collation%';
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16mysql> show variables
like
'%character%'
;
+
--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+
--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem |
binary
|
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/
local
/mysql5535/share/charsets/ |
+
--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
8
rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
方法一:
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
mysql> show variables
like
'collation%'
;
+
----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+
----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+
----------------------+-----------------+
3
rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
方法二:
2.查看MYSQL所支持的字符集
show charset;
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47mysql> show charset;
+
----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description |
Default
collation | Maxlen |
+
----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 |
DEC
West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
|
binary
|
Binary
pseudo charset |
binary
| 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS
for
Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS
for
Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+
----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39
rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
查看MYSQL所支持的字符集
3.查看库的字符集
语法:show database status from 库名 like 表名;
? 1 2 3 4 5mysql> show
create
database
shiyanG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database
: shiyan
Create
Database
:
CREATE
DATABASE
`shiyan` /*!40100
DEFAULT
CHARACTER
SET
gbk */
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
4.查看表的字符集
语法:show table status from 库名 like 表名;
mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9mysql> show
table
status
from
class_7
like
'test_info'
;
+
-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
|
Name
| Engine | Version | Row_format |
Rows
| Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum |
+
-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| test_info | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 10 | 1638 | 17-12-05 19:01:55 |
NULL
|
NULL
| utf8_general_ci |
NULL
|
+
-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
查看表的字符集
5.查看表中所有列的字符集
语法:show full columns from 表名;
mysql> show full columns from test_info;
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13mysql> show
full
columns
from
test_info;
+
-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation |
Null
|
Key
|
Default
| Extra |
Privileges
| Comment |
+
-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id |
int
(3) |
NULL
|
NO
| PRI |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
|
name
|
char
(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
| dorm |
char
(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
| addr |
char
(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | 未知 | |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
| score |
int
(3) |
NULL
| YES | |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
+
-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
5
rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
所有列的字符集
二、设置字符集
设置字符集一般有两种方法,一种是在创建表的时候设置字符集,另一种是表建成之后修改字符集。
1.创建时指定字符集
创建库的时候指定字符集:
语法:create database 库名 default character set=字符集;
? 1create
database
db2
default
character
set
=utf8
创建表的时候指定字符集:
语法:create table 表名(属性)default character set = 字符集;
? 1 2mysql>
create
table
test1(id
int
(6),
name
char
(10))
default
character
set
=
'gbk'
;
Query OK, 0
rows
affected (0.39 sec)
2.修改字符集
修改全局字符集
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18/*建立连接使用的编码*/
set
character_set_connection=utf8;
/*数据库的编码*/
set
character_set_database=utf8;
/*结果集的编码*/
set
character_set_results=utf8;
/*数据库服务器的编码*/
set
character_set_server=utf8;
set
character_set_system=utf8;
set
collation_connection=utf8;
set
collation_database=utf8;
set
collation_server=utf8;
修改全局字符集
修改库的字符集
语法:alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;
alter database shiyan default character set gbk;
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14mysql> show
create
database
shiyanG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database
: shiyan
Create
Database
:
CREATE
DATABASE
`shiyan` /*!40100
DEFAULT
CHARACTER
SET
utf8 */
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
alter
database
shiyan
default
character
set
gbk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show
create
database
shiyanG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database
: shiyan
Create
Database
:
CREATE
DATABASE
`shiyan` /*!40100
DEFAULT
CHARACTER
SET
gbk */
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
修改表的字符集
语法:alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;
alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23mysql> show
create
table
test1G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table
: test1
Create
Table
:
CREATE
TABLE
`test1` (
`id`
int
(6)
DEFAULT
NULL
,
`
name
`
char
(10)
DEFAULT
NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB
DEFAULT
CHARSET=gbk #原字符集
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
alter
table
test1
convert
to
character
set
utf8;
Query OK, 0
rows
affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show
create
table
test1G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table
: test1
Create
Table
:
CREATE
TABLE
`test1` (
`id`
int
(6)
DEFAULT
NULL
,
`
name
`
char
(10)
DEFAULT
NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB
DEFAULT
CHARSET=utf8 #修改后的字符集
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
修改列表的字符集
修改字段的字符集
语法:alter table 表名 modify 字段名 字段属性 character set gbk;
alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23mysql> show
full
columns
from
test1;
+
-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation |
Null
|
Key
|
Default
| Extra |
Privileges
| Comment |
+
-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id |
int
(6) |
NULL
| YES | |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
|
name
|
char
(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
+
-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2
rows
in
set
(0.01 sec)
mysql>
alter
table
test1
modify
name
char
(10)
character
set
gbk;
Query OK, 0
rows
affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show
full
columns
from
test1;
+
-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation |
Null
|
Key
|
Default
| Extra |
Privileges
| Comment |
+
-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id |
int
(6) |
NULL
| YES | |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
|
name
|
char
(10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES | |
NULL
| |
select
,
insert
,
update
,
references
| |
+
-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2
rows
in
set
(0.01 sec)
修改字段的字符集
总结
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原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/7999428.html