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主从复制可以用来做数据库的备份,故障恢复,读写分离。
本实验使用Mongodb 3.2版本,我们先查看一下mongod的帮助
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14[<a href=
"mailto:root@localhost"
>root@localhost<
/a
> mongodb]
# mongod --help
.....省略
Master
/slave
options (old; use replica sets instead):
--master master mode
--slave slave mode
--
source
arg when slave: specify master as
<server:port>
--only arg when slave: specify a single database
to replicate
--slavedelay arg specify delay (
in
seconds) to be used
when applying master ops to slave
--autoresync automatically resync
if
slave data is
stale
.....省略
主从复制已经是过期的功能,目前使用副本集代替。主从复制和副本集的区别,可以简单的理解成主从复制不能自动故障转移,副本集中的集群在主节点宕机后,可以使用选举的策略选择一个新的主节点出来。实现自动的故障转移。
从节点可以是一个,也可以是多个。
下面我们在一台机器上,使用两个实例的方式实现主从复制。
建立数据库目录
[root@localhost data]# mkdir -p /application/mongodb/data/{master,slave}
2. 启动master实例
[root@localhost data]# mongod --dbpath=/application/mongodb/data/master/ --port 27017 --master
--master 指定该实例是主服务器 。
3. 启动从实例
[root@localhost ~]# mongod --dbpath=/application/mongodb/data/slave/ --port 27018 --slave --source 127.0.0.1:27017
--slave 指定该实例为从服务器 --source 指定主服务器是谁?
从服务器启动后,即不断的想主服务器请求同步数据
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102016-01-16T10:30:10.208+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:11.210+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:12.211+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:14.196+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:15.197+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:16.199+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:17.202+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:18.204+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:19.207+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:30:20.209+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
至此,主从复制已经配置完成,就是这么的简单。
对于从服务器,还有三个参数需要解释一下。
--only arg
从节点指定只复制某个特定的数据库(默认复制所有数据库)
--slavedelay arg
指定从服务器延迟多久时间再同步,此选项在主服务器发生人为操作失误时,比较有用。发现错误时,从服务器还没有同步错误。这样可以避免错误的发生。
--autoresync
如果从节点的数据与主节点发生断裂(某些oplog中的数据还未被同步,即被覆盖了),那么该选项将是从节点自动的从新从头开始同步数据库。
下面我们验证一下,数据的同步是否有效。 在主库中插入数据。
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7[root@localhost ~]
# mongo 127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.1
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017
/test
> db.user.insert({
"name"
:
"jack"
,
"age"
:40,
"job"
:
"moive star"
})
WriteResult({
"nInserted"
: 1 })
> db.user.insert({
"name"
:
"vicent"
,
"age"
:25,
"job"
:
"teacher"
})
WriteResult({
"nInserted"
: 1 })
登录从数据库,检查数据是否同步
? 1 2 3 4 5 6[root@localhost ~]
# mongo 127.0.0.1:27018
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.1
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27018
/test
> > db.user.
find
()
{
"_id"
: ObjectId(
"5699af720102a61caffb76e8"
),
"name"
:
"jack"
,
"age"
: 40,
"job"
:
"moive star"
}
{
"_id"
: ObjectId(
"5699af920102a61caffb76e9"
),
"name"
:
"vicent"
,
"age"
: 25,
"job"
:
"teacher"
}
可以看到数据已经同步啦~
默认情况下,要想在从库开启查询功能,必须告知服务器,你接受从服务器的数据(有可能同步有延迟,数据不一致,你能够接受这种不一致)
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9> show collections
2016-01-16T10:52:04.363+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: listCollections failed: {
"ok"
: 0,
"errmsg"
:
"not master and slaveOk=false"
,
"code"
: 13435 } :
_getErrorWithCode@src
/mongo/shell/utils
.js:23:13
DB.prototype._getCollectionInfosCommand@src
/mongo/shell/db
.js:746:1
DB.prototype.getCollectionInfos@src
/mongo/shell/db
.js:758:15
DB.prototype.getCollectionNames@src
/mongo/shell/db
.js:769:12
shellHelper.show@src
/mongo/shell/utils
.js:695:9
shellHelper@src
/mongo/shell/utils
.js:594:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1
执行rs.slaveOK
? 1 2 3 4> rs.slaveOk()
> show collections
user
>
在从服务的local数据库中有个sources集合,记录了主服务的信息
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13> use
local
switched to db
local
> show collections
me
sources
startup_log
> db.sources.
find
().pretty()
{
"_id"
: ObjectId(
"5699aaafa33311c25ab793df"
),
"host"
:
"127.0.0.1:27017"
,
"source"
:
"main"
,
"syncedTo"
: Timestamp(1452913003, 1)
}
我们再次启动从库时,就无需指定source参数啦。
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32[root@localhost ~]
# mongod --dbpath=/application/mongodb/data/slave/ --port 27018 --slave
2016-01-16T10:57:45.965+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=21820 port=27018 dbpath=
/application/mongodb/data/slave/
slave=1 64-bit host=localhost.localdomain
2016-01-16T10:57:45.967+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.2.1
2016-01-16T10:57:45.968+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: a14d55980c2cdc565d4704a7e3ad37e4e535c1b2
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distmod: rhel62
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2016-01-16T10:57:45.969+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { net: { port: 27018 }, slave:
true
, storage: { dbPath:
"/application/mongodb/data/slave/"
} }
2016-01-16T10:57:46.010+0800 I - [initandlisten] Detected data files
in
/application/mongodb/data/slave/
created by the
'wiredTiger'
storage engine, so setting the active storage engine to
'wiredTiger'
.
2016-01-16T10:57:46.011+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=1G,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_max=4),config_base=
false
,statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=
true
,archive=
true
,path=journal,compressor=snappy),file_manager=(close_idle_time=100000),checkpoint=(wait=60,log_size=2GB),statistics_log=(wait=0),
2016-01-16T10:57:48.485+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user,
which
is not recommended.
2016-01-16T10:57:48.486+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-01-16T10:57:48.488+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-01-16T10:57:48.490+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING:
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
is
'always'
.
2016-01-16T10:57:48.490+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to
'never'
2016-01-16T10:57:48.490+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-01-16T10:57:48.490+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING:
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
is
'always'
.
2016-01-16T10:57:48.490+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to
'never'
2016-01-16T10:57:48.490+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-01-16T10:57:48.493+0800 I FTDC [initandlisten] Initializing full-
time
diagnostic data capture with directory
'/application/mongodb/data/slave/diagnostic.data'
2016-01-16T10:57:48.494+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting
for
connections on port 27018
2016-01-16T10:57:48.495+0800 I NETWORK [HostnameCanonicalizationWorker] Starting
hostname
canonicalization worker
2016-01-16T10:57:49.497+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:57:50.503+0800 I REPL [replslave]
sleep
1 sec before next pass
2016-01-16T10:57:51.504+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:57:52.505+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:57:54.295+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
2016-01-16T10:57:55.296+0800 I REPL [replslave] syncing from host:127.0.0.1:27017
主从库之间利用oplog日志进行同步。oplog存在于主库的local数据库,oplog.$main集合。
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53> use
local
switched to db
local
> db.oplog.$main.
find
({
"op"
:
"i"
}).
sort
({
"ts"
:-1}).pretty()
{
"ts"
: Timestamp(1452916694, 1),
"h"
: NumberLong(0),
"v"
: 2,
"op"
:
"i"
,
"ns"
:
"test.user"
,
"o"
: {
"_id"
: ObjectId(
"5699bfd6647c735cb3a50e0c"
),
"name"
:
"zhangcong"
}
}
{
"ts"
: Timestamp(1452913156, 1),
"h"
: NumberLong(0),
"v"
: 2,
"op"
:
"i"
,
"ns"
:
"test.user"
,
"o"
: {
"_id"
: ObjectId(
"5699b204358c4672cad1cc6e"
),
"name"
:
"zhangdd"
,
"age"
: 30,
"job"
:
"teacher"
}
}
{
"ts"
: Timestamp(1452912530, 1),
"h"
: NumberLong(0),
"v"
: 2,
"op"
:
"i"
,
"ns"
:
"test.user"
,
"o"
: {
"_id"
: ObjectId(
"5699af920102a61caffb76e9"
),
"name"
:
"vicent"
,
"age"
: 25,
"job"
:
"teacher"
}
}
{
"ts"
: Timestamp(1452912498, 2),
"h"
: NumberLong(0),
"v"
: 2,
"op"
:
"i"
,
"ns"
:
"test.user"
,
"o"
: {
"_id"
: ObjectId(
"5699af720102a61caffb76e8"
),
"name"
:
"jack"
,
"age"
: 40,
"job"
:
"moive star"
}
}
该集合属于固定集合。在一定时间后,旧日志会被覆盖。如果日志已经被覆盖,从库还没有来的及同步。那么从库就无法再同步数据了。只有使用--autoresync让其重新同步数据。
备注:命令行参数指定的参数值,可以写到config文件中,启动时使用
mongod --config /path/to/file.conf
mongod 2.4以后的版本使用YAML的格式来编写配置文件。关于主从复制的配置如何在配置文件中声明,官方文件没有给出方法。试了几种写法都不正确。 因为mongodb使用副本集代替了主从复制,从而可能配置文件不再支持主从复制。
感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!
原文链接:http://lqding.blog.51cto.com/9123978/1735539